EPA/ShutterstockTwo quotes from the chancellor and the prime minister get to the heart of this Budget.
“The money New Labour had in the 90s is simply not there now… Britain has it harder now,” Chancellor John Healey said last month.
And from Andy Burnham, days before he became prime minister: “This change… is the most significant change moment in our politics for 40 years.”
So what happens when the economic realities confront the political ambitions of this new government?
“Some of those constraints… are self imposed, others are being worsened by global events, most noticeably war in the Middle East.”
Let’s be clear, plenty in Westminster in all parties will say that the amount of money around isn’t everything – how well taxpayers’ money is spent and where it is spent matters too.
And spending less and taxing less, plenty argue, should be a priority.
But in the bones of many in the Labour Party is an instinct that the government, the state, can and should be a vital agent in driving change and improvements in people’s lives – a world-view grounded in a sense that governments should proudly step in, rather than one that believes they should get out of the way.
And how do you deliver a proudly proactive state, delivering for people in a noticeable way, when the tax burden is generationally high, the national debt is sky high, energy bills are rising and inflation is higher than expected?
In short: it is not easy.
But ministers argue all of this doesn’t mean the government is powerless.
Many are expecting support on the cost of living, and in particular energy bills, to be targeted at the most vulnerable. On the eve of the Budget, Healey said he wants to “start the long-term action needed to get energy costs down for good”.
The banks are braced for a levy or surcharge that may pay for this.
There will be an announcement about further spending on defence, but not yet how spending 3% of national income on our security will be delivered by 2030 – that will come in next year’s Spending Review.
And one of the prime minister’s key ideas – handing power away from Westminster and closer to you, devolution – will be central too.
There will be, the chancellor told BBC Newscast, a “really radical devolution of powers and resources to local leaders that are often better placed to get beyond the departmental systems.”
But some at Westminster fret extra money for mayors and others in local government are not yet accompanied by adequate checks and balances to ensure that money is well spent.
The chancellor will argue the economy is becoming more robust – and yes, there are some economic indicators that are more positive than forecast: growth is better than expected, as is productivity and unemployment is down.
But as the Resolution Foundation think tank points out: “John Healey’s problem is that conflict in the Middle East has once again pushed up energy prices and interest rates.
“So, despite the signs that the UK economy is becoming more resilient, household and public finances are in for another shock.”
In essence, we can expect a smaller Budget this time, compared to some in recent years, when it comes to the scale of tax and spending changes.
The chancellor has been talking up a desire to offer “breathing space” and “hope” – a tacit acknowledgement that there is a limit to what the government can do given the constraints it faces.
It has promised not to raise income tax, national insurance or VAT, a self imposed constraint, as the IFS put it. And there are the international ones beyond its control too.
The big question for many will be whether the Budget is – or can be – big enough to meet the moment? Opposition parties will argue it amounts to tinkering.
Conservative shadow chancellor Andrew Griffith argued the public finances are “on a cliff edge” and wants Healey to use the Budget to “take tough decisions, instead of continuing to kick the can down the road”.
For the Liberal Democrats, Daisy Cooper warned a “steady as she goes” Budget is “not going to cut it”, while Reform UK’s Robert Jenrick said the chancellor “can’t keep fiddling while the economy burns”.
Green Party MP Ellie Chowns wanted a “bold” approach but fears it will be “business as usual”.
The government will try to convince you it is one of many moments in the coming weeks and months that will attempt to deliver the scale of change the prime minister has promised.
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