Iran has indicated it will take part in this summer’s football World Cup, but has demanded a series of guarantees from Fifa and the tournament’s hosts amid growing tensions surrounding the team’s participation.
The Iranian Football Federation (FFIRI) said Iran would compete at the tournament “without any retreat from our beliefs, culture and convictions”, while insisting the hosts “must take our concerns into account”.
The demands come after FFIRI president Mehdi Taj was denied entry to Canada before last month’s Fifa Congress.
Taj later revealed Iran had presented Fifa with 10 conditions for participation at the World Cup, which begins on 11 June in the United States, Mexico and Canada.
The group is listed as a terrorist organisation in Canada and the US, and Mehdi Taj’s links to it were cited as a reason he was denied entry into Canada.
Iran is also seeking assurances over the treatment of the national team, including respect for the Iranian flag and national anthem, as well as enhanced security at airports, hotels and stadiums during the tournament.
Some of the requests are likely to prove easier for Fifa to influence than others.
Fifa can help oversee tournament logistics, official protocols and the treatment of participating delegations during the competition itself.
But questions involving visas, border controls and security vetting ultimately remain under US jurisdiction rather than Fifa regulations.
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has already stated that Iranian footballers would be welcome at the tournament, while warning that individuals with links to the IRGC could still face restrictions on entering the United States.
That leaves Fifa facing a delicate balancing act between ensuring the participation of all qualified teams and navigating the political realities surrounding relations between Tehran and Washington.
Israel and the US launched wide-ranging strikes on Iran on 28 February. Iran responded by launching attacks on Israel and US-allied states in the Gulf. Fighting has since been largely suspended under a fragile ceasefire.
Some of the Iranian federation’s other requests may also prove difficult to enforce in practice.
Iranian officials have reportedly asked for journalists to avoid questions beyond “technical football matters”.
But in Iran’s case, the boundary between football and politics is often blurred.
Questions around squad selection, public support for the national team or the atmosphere surrounding matches can carry both sporting and political dimensions simultaneously.
This was on display at the women’s Asian Cup in Australia in March when a number of Iranian players tried to claim asylum, sparking a tense diplomatic stand-off. Seven members of the team were granted humanitarian visas while in Australia – but five changed their minds and returned home.
Iranian men’s coach Amir Ghalenoei recently acknowledged that politically charged atmospheres could surround some matches involving Iran at the World Cup.
Despite the tensions, there is currently no indication that Iran intends to withdraw from the tournament.
Instead, the latest developments point towards increasingly complex negotiations between Fifa, Tehran and US authorities over the conditions surrounding Iran’s participation at the largest World Cup in history.
